United Nations		S/1996/411
	Security Council				Distr.: General 7 June 1996 Original: English

 

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS
OPERATION IN CYPRUS

(for the period from 11 December 1995 to 10 June 1996)

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The present report on the United Nations operation in Cyprus covers developments from 11 December 1995 to 10 June 1996 and brings up to date the record of the activities of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) pursuant to Security Council resolution 186 (1964) of 4 March 1964 and subsequent Council resolutions, most recently resolution 1032 (1995) of 19 December 1995. A separate report will be issued on the Secretary-General’s mission of good offices.
II. ACTIVITIES OF THE FORCE

2. In its resolution 186 (1964), the Security Council defined the mandate of UNFICYP as follows:

“In the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions.”

The Council has repeatedly reaffirmed that mandate. In connection with the events that have occurred since 15 July 1974, the Council has adopted a number of resolutions, some of which required the Force to perform certain additional or modified functions relating, in particular, to the maintenance of the cease-fire.

 

A. Maintenance of the cease-fire and the militarystatus quo

3. The cease-fire lines of the Turkish forces and the Cypriot National Guard extend approximately 180 kilometres, roughly from east to west across the island. The area between the lines, known as the United Nations buffer zone, has a width that varies from a few metres to 7 kilometres and covers about 3 per cent of the island (see the attached map). The United Nations buffer zone contains some of the most fertile land in Cyprus. There are six villages in the buffer zone, but only one, Pyla, is inhabited by members of both communities. The total population of the villages in the buffer zone is about 8,000 Greek Cypriots and 350 Turkish Cypriots.

4. UNFICYP undertakes constant surveillance of the United Nations buffer zone from 22 permanent observation posts, daylight surveillance from 2 additional posts and periodic daily surveillance from another 19 patrol bases. UNFICYP also maintains less frequent periodic surveillance of the remainder of the buffer zone from a further 118 observation posts, carries out vehicle, foot and air patrols, and maintains surveillance of the seaward extension of the cease-fire lines for 5 kilometres.

5. During the period under review, both sides generally respected the cease-fire and the military status quo. UNFICYP exercised increased vigilance during the crisis in the Aegean at the end of January 1996. At that time, there was a short rise in tension along the cease-fire lines, which subsequently subsided. During the period under review, UNFICYP intervened in numerous minor incidents to correct violations and prevent any escalation of the situation. On a number of occasions, military and police personnel of the opposing forces were observed moving forward of their respective cease-fire lines into the buffer zone. In almost all cases, they withdrew without incident following intervention by UNFICYP.

6. The National Guard continued its extensive programme to strengthen its military positions, or to add new ones, along the whole length of the cease-fire line. UNFICYP has protested a total of 150 military constructions in the immediate vicinity of the buffer zone as violations of the spirit of the cease-fire.

7. There were again a number of overflights of Cypriot airspace by military fixed-wing aircraft. Those flights have the potential to increase tension. The Government of the Republic of Cyprus protested violations of Cypriot air space by Turkish military aircraft. The Government of Turkey and the Turkish Cypriot side protested the presence of aircraft of the Greek air force in Cypriot air space.

8. The status quo of the fenced area of Varosha remained a matter of concern to UNFICYP. Incidents of looting continued to occur during the reporting period. On two occasions (in late December 1995 and March 1996), Turkish forces broke into one of the United Nations observation posts. In addition, an unoccupied hotel was converted into student accommodations and has been occupied since 26 February 1996. These developments have been protested by UNFICYP to the Turkish forces, who were reminded once again that the United Nations holds the Government of Turkey responsible for the maintenance of the status quo in the fenced area of Varosha. The Permanent Mission of Turkey has informed the United Nations that student dormitories were being built outside the fenced area of Varosha, which will permit the above-mentioned hotel to be vacated within a few months.

9. There are 39 minefields and booby-trapped areas inside the buffer zone, and a further 71 are located on either side within 500 metres of the cease-fire lines. UNFICYP has, on numerous occasions, unsuccessfully requested their removal by the forces on the two sides.

 

B. Implementation of paragraphs 5 to 7 of resolution1032 (1995)

10. In its resolution 1032 (1995) of 19 December 1995, the Security Council expressed its concern over the continued modernization and upgrading of military forces in Cyprus and urged all concerned to reduce force levels and defence spending. Despite continuous efforts by UNFICYP, no progress has been made towards that objective. On the contrary, both sides have continued to improve their military capabilities:

(a) In late January 1996, the Turkish forces embarked on a major phase of their equipment modernization programme. Approximately 80 of their M48A5 T1 main battle tanks were withdrawn from the island and were replaced by 65 of the improved T2 version from Turkey. At the same time, the Turkish forces considerably increased holdings of armoured personnel carriers (APCs) to an estimated 250 by introducing a further 80 APCs. The arrival of those tanks and APCs has significantly enhanced the capability of the Turkish forces in Cyprus. With over 30,000 Turkish and 4,500 Turkish Cypriot troops and with some 20 per cent of the area reserved for military purposes, the northern part of Cyprus remains one of the most densely militarized areas in the world;

(b) The National Guard, which remains much weaker than the Turkish forces in Cyprus, has continued its comprehensive military upgrading programme. Since my last report (S/1995/1020), the National Guard has received the remaining 25 BMP3 infantry fighting vehicles, bringing the total to 43. A further 84 Leonidas APCs arrived from Greece, bringing the total number of APCs and infantry fighting vehicles in the southern part of Cyprus to 375.

11. In resolution 1032 (1995), the Security Council again expressed concern at the failure of both sides to heed its call to prohibit live ammunition or weapons other than those which are hand-held along their respective cease-fire lines and the firing of weapons within hearing of the buffer zone. On the contrary, incidents of shooting near the cease-fire lines have increased during the reporting period. Such incidents have the potential of raising tension, with possibly serious consequences. Three incidents are of particular concern. On 8 May 1996, two tracer rounds were fired by Turkish forces towards an UNFICYP helicopter on a previously announced routine flight inside the buffer zone. On 10 May 1996, two shots were fired by Turkish forces in the vicinity of a UNFICYP patrol in the buffer zone.

12. The third incident took place on 3 June 1996. An unarmed National Guard soldier was shot and killed inside the United Nations buffer zone in central Nicosia. The investigation has revealed that the lethal round was fired by a Turkish Cypriot soldier whom UNFICYP had observed entering the buffer zone with his rifle strung across his back. Shortly thereafter a single shot was heard and the Turkish Cypriot soldier was seen running back in a crouched position to the Turkish cease-fire line holding his rifle in his right hand. UNFICYP soldiers were prevented from reaching the National Guard soldier by Turkish Cypriot soldiers who fired shots in the direction of the UNFICYP soldiers each time the latter tried to move forward. UNFICYP strongly protested to the Commander of the Turkish forces in Cyprus the unauthorized entry of an armed Turkish Cypriot soldier into the buffer zone, the shooting incident and the hostile action, including live fire against UNFICYP. UNFICYP is pursuing with the Turkish forces in Cyprus and with the Turkish Cypriot authorities the question of appropriate action and has requested that UNFICYP police investigating the killing be able to interview the Turkish Cypriot soldier involved in the incident. The military authorities on both sides have been urged once again to respect the United Nations buffer zone and ensure its integrity.

13. On numerous occasions, and most recently in its resolution 1032 (1995), the Security Council regretted that the military authorities on both sides had not yet reached an agreement with UNFICYP to extend the 1989 unmanning agreement to cover all areas where the two sides are in close proximity to each other, and called on them to cooperate urgently with UNFICYP to that end. Despite the continued efforts of UNFICYP, no progress has been made in this regard.

14. The area where the above-mentioned fatal incident occurred is among those identified in the unmanning proposal of 1994. The incident thus tragically underscores the urgent need for the two sides to comply with the repeated requests made by the Security Council to reach agreement on the prohibition of the use of loaded weapons along the cease-fire lines and on the extension of the 1989 unmanning agreement. Following the killing of the National Guard soldier, the Force Commander of UNFICYP resubmitted to both sides an updated version of the detailed proposal to unman their positions at a number of locations where the respective cease-fire lines are in close proximity to each other. The Force Commander urged the military authorities on both sides to cooperate with UNFICYP in this regard in accordance with the repeated requests made by the Security Council.
C. Restoration of normal conditions and humanitarianfunctions

15. UNFICYP continued its efforts to promote bicommunal events with a view to increasing communication and cooperation between the two communities. In its resolution 1032 (1995), the Security Council welcomed the initiative of UNFICYP in organizing successful bicommunal events and called upon the leaders of both communities to promote further bicommunal contacts and to remove obstacles to such contacts. However, the Turkish Cypriot authorities continued to exercise tight control and often denied permission to Turkish Cypriots to participate in bicommunal activities, not only in the southern part of the island, but even in the buffer zone. Despite efforts in cooperation with interested diplomatic missions, United Nations programmes and non-governmental organizations in Cyprus, UNFICYP has not been successful in having these obstacles removed and improving the atmosphere for bicommunal activities.

16. UNFICYP continued to discharge its humanitarian functions in respect of Greek Cypriots and Maronites living in the northern part of the island. A detailed survey conducted during the reporting period has indicated that these communities now number 487 and 191 respectively. UNFICYP similarly discharged humanitarian functions with regard to Turkish Cypriots living in the southern part of the island, some 360 of whom are known to the Force.

17. Once again, during the current mandate period, the Government of Cyprus expressed to the United Nations its concern about continued desecration of the cultural and religious heritage of Cyprus in the northern part of the island. These concerns have been taken up with the Turkish Cypriot side.

18. As previously reported (S/1995/1020, para. 20), UNFICYP has, on the basis of comprehensive reviews, had extensive discussions with the authorities on both sides with regard to living conditions of Turkish Cypriots located in the southern part of the island and of Greek Cypriots and Maronites located in the northern part of the island.

19. In my last report, I summarized the main findings and recommendations concerning the situation of Turkish Cypriots living in the southern part of Cyprus. I noted that Turkish Cypriots there are accorded the same legal rights and privileges as Greek Cypriots, but that in several respects Turkish Cypriots living in the southern part of the island were often victims of capricious discrimination or police harassment. To rectify that situation, UNFICYP made four recommendations to the Government, which have been implemented to a significant extent.

20. With respect to the recommended review of the policies and procedures of the Cyprus police, the Government has undertaken an investigation of several incidents, and the District Commissioner, the Chief and the Deputy Chief of the police in Limassol were dismissed. In addition, the Attorney-General will decide, in the light of material collected by the government Ombudsman, what further action should be taken. Furthermore, measures are being considered to extend the investigative powers of the Ombudsman to include those of criminal investigation, as well as to endow the Attorney-General with the right to appoint criminal investigators for cases involving complaints against the police. Moreover, steps are being taken to make public prosecutors independent of the police headquarters. Finally, the curriculum of the Police Academy is being strengthened to promote greater police awareness of constitutional and human rights. I welcome these and other steps taken by the Government to deal with potential police misconduct.

21. The Government has also informed UNFICYP that it has accepted the recommendation to establish a government information/liaison office in Limassol staffed by Turkish-speaking personnel where Turkish Cypriots can obtain information and assistance on their entitlements. The Government also agreed with the recommendation that UNFICYP establish a liaison post in Limassol to facilitate further the Force’s mandate in carrying out its humanitarian functions with respect to Turkish Cypriots. Finally, the Government has accepted the recommendation of UNFICYP to establish a Turkish Cypriot elementary school staffed by a Turkish Cypriot teacher.

22. With regard to the Greek Cypriots and Maronites living in the northern part of the island, I had informed the Council that those communities were subjected to severe restrictions and limitations in many basic freedoms, which had the effect of ensuring that inexorably, with the passage of time, the communities would cease to exist. UNFICYP made a series of recommendations to the Turkish Cypriot authorities to improve the situation (S/1995/1020, paras. 23-25).

23. With a few exceptions, the situation of Greek Cypriots living in the Karpas area has not improved. Some improvements can be noted with respect to travel to the southern part of the island by Greek Cypriots living in the northern part and travel by Greek Cypriots living in the southern part of the island who wish to visit their close relatives in the northern part of Cyprus. Furthermore, some telephones have been installed in homes of Greek Cypriots in the Karpas area. However, the telephones do not permit direct calls to the southern part of the island, the main destination for calls by Greek Cypriots living there.

24. The key restrictions on Greek Cypriots living in the northern part of Cyprus that were noted in the UNFICYP survey remain. For example, Greek Cypriot school children over the age of 16 for boys and 18 for girls attending school in the southern part of the island may never return to their homes in the northern part of Cyprus, not even for a visit. Travel within the northern part of the island remains restricted for Greek Cypriots, as does access to holy sites. Fixed property can still not be bequeathed by Greek Cypriots living in the Karpas area to their next of kin living outside the northern part of Cyprus.

25. With respect to recommendations concerning the situation of the Maronites living in the northern part of the island, there have been some limited improvements in their freedom of movement and provision of water to them. However, a medical centre has not yet been established in Kormakiti with Maronite doctors and nurses visiting on a regular basis, nor are the Maronites freely allowed to visit holy places located in the northern part of Cyprus. Their access to telephones remains extremely limited and does not permit direct calls to the southern part of the island, the main destination of their calls.

 

D. Liaison with the parties

26. UNFICYP continued to maintain close liaison and cooperation with the military and civilian authorities on both sides. The liaison arrangements worked well on the whole, although the Force’s timely and unmonitored access to detainees of both sides, in particular those who have crossed the buffer zone, needs to be improved.

27. While UNFICYP has complete freedom of movement in the southern part of the island, except for restricted military areas, its movements in the northern part are subject to restrictions. On the other hand, no such restrictions apply to diplomats and tourists. UNFICYP has renewed its efforts to correct this incongruous situation, which is at variance with the spirit that should govern the relationship with a United Nations peace-keeping operation. It is hoped that the situation will be rectified without further delay.

 

III. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM

A. Economic matters

28. UNFICYP continued to act as the intermediary between the two communities and to facilitate cooperation in such areas as the repair and equitable distribution of utilities. The electricity supply on the island has improved with the increased generating capacity in its northern part. However, the Turkish Cypriot side continues to require some supplies from the southern part of the island. With the assistance of UNFICYP, the two electricity authorities coordinate their efforts to secure adequate power. UNFICYP also continued to assist in the implementation of the bicommunal understandings on water distribution and the cooperation in the repair of infrastructure.

B. Activities of the United Nations Development Programme

29. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), as coordinator of the operational activities for development of the United Nations system, continued its activities in the framework of the Nicosia Master Plan and the coordination of activities of other United Nations agencies in the country. In particular, UNDP pursued bicommunal activities, together with other United Nations programmes and specialized agencies, mainly in the sectors of health and environment.

 

C. Activities of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

30. The main bicommunal projects of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for 1996 are in the sectors of health and sanitation and of restoration, conservation and rehabilitation of the Venetian Walls of Nicosia and the currently vacant houses adjacent to the United Nations buffer zone. UNHCR is also financing bicommunal projects in forestry, pest and disease control, and measurement of environmental pollution. During the reporting period, 20 bicommunal activities were organized and sponsored by UNHCR, including regular meetings of the bicommunal coordination teams on sewerage, forestry, plant protection, rat control, environment and disabled persons, a bicommunal seminar in cardiology and the training of veterinary surgeons in modern techniques.

 

IV. COMMITTEE ON MISSING PERSONS

31. Following the resignation in early March of Mr. Paul Wurth as Third Member of the Committee on Missing Persons after nearly 11 years of dedicated service, I wrote to the leaders of the two communities that I was prepared to consider appointing a new Third Member provided that there was clear evidence that the Committee on Missing Persons was committed to making expeditious progress. To that end, I asked the two sides by the end of June 1996:

(a) To agree on the definition of all categories submitted by the two sides for classifying all the 1,493 Greek Cypriot and 500 Turkish Cypriot cases of missing persons before the Committee on Missing Persons;

(b) To agree on the sequence in which the investigations of the various categories of cases would be carried out, in line with the agreed guidelines and criteria for completing the investigation of each case;

(c) To agree that priority attention would be given to those categories of cases that could be concluded most expeditiously;

(d) To agree to collect expeditiously all available information on cases without known witnesses, on the basis of which the Committee on Missing Persons would conclude its work on those cases.

The two leaders informed me that they agreed with my proposals. As soon as these tasks have been satisfactorily completed, I will initiate the procedure leading to the appointment of a new Third Member.

 

V. ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

32. As at 1 June 1996, the total strength (military personnel and civilian police) of UNFICYP was 1,197. The 1,162 military personnel were from Argentina (390), Austria (311), Canada (2), Finland (2), Hungary (39), Ireland (30) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (388). The civilian police were from Australia (20) and Ireland (15). In addition, 40 personnel were internationally recruited and 318 locally recruited. The deployment of the Force is shown on the map attached to the present report.

33. Some time ago, Mr. Joe Clark advised me of his desire to leave his functions as my Special Representative for Cyprus as soon as a successor could be appointed. On 1 May 1996, I appointed Mr. Han Sung-Joo, former Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea, as my new Special Representative for Cyprus. Mr. Gustave Feissel continued as my Deputy Special Representative, resident in Cyprus, and as Chief of Mission of the United Nations Operation in Cyprus. Brigadier-General Ahti T. P. Vartiainen (Finland) continued as Force Commander.

Financial aspects

34. On 3 June 1996, the Fifth Committee recommended that the General Assembly appropriate the amount of $45,079,500 gross for the maintenance of the Force for the period from 1 July 1996 to 30 June 1997 (see A/50/827/Add.1, para. 6). That amount is inclusive of the pledged voluntary contributions of one third of the cost of the Force from the Government of Cyprus and of the $6.5 million contributed annually from the Government of Greece.

35. Should the Security Council decide to extend the mandate of UNFICYP for a further period of six months as I recommend in paragraph 43 below, and subject to the decision of the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Fifth Committee, the costs for maintaining the Force would be approximately $22.5 million. Of that amount, approximately $12.1 million will be assessed on Member States.

36. As at 31 May 1996, the total outstanding assessed contributions to the UNFICYP Special Account amounted to $9,483,162, which represents some 14.5 per cent of the assessment for the mission since 16 June 1993. The outstanding assessed contributions for all peace-keeping operations totalled $1.7 billion.

 

VI. OBSERVATIONS

37. During the past six months, with the cooperation of both sides, UNFICYP has continued to carry out its functions in Cyprus effectively. The overall situation on the island remained calm, although tension rose periodically. UNFICYP continued to make every effort to mitigate such situations.

38. The Security Council has repeatedly declared that the status quo is not an acceptable option. It should also be clear to all concerned that the situation is not static and that delaying an overall settlement is to the detriment of both communities, as well as to Greece and Turkey.

39. Once again, I must express serious concern at the excessive levels of military forces and armaments in Cyprus and at the rate at which they are being expanded, upgraded and modernized. This can only increase tension on the island and in the region. Furthermore, the opposing forces still have not heeded the repeated calls of the Security Council to implement specific measures aimed at reducing the risk of confrontation along the cease-fire lines. The tragic death of the young National Guard soldier sadly illustrates the urgent need to come to an agreement on the proposals made by UNFICYP concerning the unmanning of a number of locations along the respective cease-fire lines and to prohibit the use of loaded weapons there. In this context, I was dismayed at the attempt by the Turkish Cypriot Security Forces to prevent UNFICYP by the threat of force from fulfilling its duties in the buffer zone. I have requested Mr. Feissel and Brigadier-General Vartiainen to make renewed and vigorous efforts to reach agreements with the military authorities on both sides to implement the measures recommended by the Security Council to reduce tension along the cease-fire lines.

40. Bicommunal contacts can contribute significantly to facilitating an overall settlement. It is obvious that the encouragement of tolerance, trust and reconciliation between the two communities through increased contact and improved communication is an essential part of the peace process, and I strongly urge both communities, and especially the Turkish Cypriot authorities, to lift and prevent all obstacles to such contacts.

41. The situation of Greek Cypriots and Maronites in the northern part of the island continues to fall far short of the normal life they were promised under the agreement reached by the two sides at Vienna on 2 August 1975. In my last report, I welcomed the commitment by the Turkish Cypriot authorities to improving the daily lives of the persons concerned (S/1995/1020, para. 45). However, the measures implemented to date are very limited and insufficient for what is required. I welcome the measures taken by the Government of Cyprus towards normalizing the lives of the Turkish Cypriots living in the southern part of the island. UNFICYP will continue to follow these matters with the Turkish Cypriot authorities and the Government of Cyprus.

42. In the prevailing circumstances, I believe that the presence of UNFICYP on the island remains indispensable to achieving the objectives set out by the Security Council. Therefore, I recommend that the Council extend the mandate of the Force for a further period of six months to 31 December 1996. In accordance with established practice, I am consulting the parties concerned on the matter and shall report to the Council as soon as these consultations have been completed.

43. I take this opportunity to express my appreciation to the Governments contributing troops and civilian police to UNFICYP for the steadfast support they have given to this peace-keeping operation of the United Nations. I also wish to thank the Governments that have made voluntary contributions towards the financing of the Force.

44. In conclusion, I wish to express my appreciation to Mr. Joe Clark for his dedicated service over the past three years as my Special Representative for Cyprus. I also wish to pay tribute to my Deputy Special Representative and Chief of Mission, Mr. Gustave Feissel, to the Force Commander, Brigadier-General Ahti T. P. Vartiainen and to the men and women serving with UNFICYP. They have discharged with efficiency and dedication the important responsibilities entrusted to them by the Security Council.

 

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	United Nations		S/1995/1020
	Security Council				Distr.: General 10 December 1995 Original: English

 

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS
OPERATION IN CYPRUS

(for the period from 16 June to 10 December 1995)

 

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The present report on the United Nations operation in Cyprus covers developments from 16 June 1995 to 10 December 1995 and brings up to date the record of the activities of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) and my mission of good offices pursuant to Security Council resolution 186 (1964) and subsequent Council resolutions, most recently resolution 1000 (1995) of 23 June 1995.

 

II. ACTIVITIES OF THE FORCE

2. In its resolution 186 (1964), the Security Council defined the mandate of UNFICYP as follows:

“In the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions.”

The Council has repeatedly reaffirmed that mandate, most recently in its resolution 1000 (1995) of 23 June 1995. In connection with the events that have occurred since 15 July 1974, the Council has adopted a number of resolutions, some of which required the Force to perform certain additional or modified functions relating, in particular, to the maintenance of the cease-fire. 1/

 

A. Maintenance of the cease-fire and the military status quo

3. The cease-fire lines extend approximately 180 kilometres, roughly from east to west across the island. The area between the lines is known as the United Nations buffer zone, which varies in width from a few metres to 7 kilometres and covers about 3 per cent of the island (see attached map). The area contains some of the most fertile land in Cyprus, as well as a number of villages.

4. UNFICYP undertakes constant surveillance of the United Nations buffer zone from 22 permanent observation posts, daylight surveillance from 2 additional posts and periodic daily surveillance from another 19 patrol bases. UNFICYP also maintains less frequent periodic surveillance of the remainder of the buffer zone from a further 118 observation posts, carries out vehicle, foot and air patrols and maintains surveillance of the seaward extension of the cease-fire lines for 5 kilometres. 2/

5. During the period under review, both sides generally respected the cease-fire and the military status quo. UNFICYP intervened in numerous minor incidents to correct violations and prevent any escalation of the situation. The firing of weapons was reported several times, although most of the cases proved to be negligent discharges due to lack of discipline among soldiers. At the outset of the autumn hunting season, Greek Cypriot hunters on several occasions discharged firearms inside the buffer zone at members of UNFICYP who were carrying out their mandated tasks and at UNFICYP installations, causing slight injuries to one soldier and damage to an UNFICYP patrol vehicle. Furthermore, military and police personnel from both sides on occasion entered the buffer zone without UNFICYP’s authorization.

6. The National Guard continued its extensive programme to improve its military positions or to add new ones along and behind its cease-fire line opposite all sectors of the buffer zone. UNFICYP protested these improvements as violations of the spirit of the status quo. A few excavations encroached upon the buffer zone. They were filled in after representations by UNFICYP.

7. I have already informed the Security Council (see S/1995/561 and S/1995/618) that extensive excavations were begun by the Turkish Cypriot authorities in June 1995 at a location known as the Roccas Bastion, which forms part of the walls of the Old City of Nicosia and lies immediately behind the Turkish forces’ cease-fire line, in a highly sensitive area specifically covered by the unmanning agreement of May 1989. After some delay, UNFICYP was able to inspect the site and concluded that the construction did not indicate work carried out to normal military specifications or to any evident military logic, although it appeared unnecessarily elaborate and costly for its stated purpose, a children’s playground and park. Since then, UNFICYP has had regular access to the site, where the main work has been completed. UNFICYP has had no reason to change its conclusion as to the nature of the excavation and construction. The Turkish Cypriot authorities have agreed that UNFICYP will continue into the future to have unhindered monthly access.

8. The extension of a military trench at the southern end of the bastion, which was discovered during the inspection in July, has since been filled in and the military status quo restored.

9. In July and August 1995, a number of demonstrations by Greek Cypriots took place close to the buffer zone. One of these, an island-wide motorcycle demonstration on 6 August 1995 turned violent and resulted in violations of the buffer zone at several locations. Again, for several successive days in the second week of November 1995, Greek Cypriot schoolchildren, marshalled by adults, including teachers, violently protested the detention by Turkish Cypriot authorities of a member of the National Guard who had crossed the buffer zone. Fifteen members of UNFICYP sustained minor injuries during these demonstrations. The United Nations, both in Nicosia and in New York, made strong representations to the Government of Cyprus; thereafter, in particular on 15 November 1995, the Cyprus police took effective action to control the demonstrators and improved the advance liaison with UNFICYP.

10. On 15 November 1995, the Turkish Cypriot authorities opened the newly constructed park and playground on top of the Roccas Bastion to the public. The event was marred by violence on the part of significant numbers of Turkish Cypriot civilians. In the absence of controlling measures by the authorities in the northern part of the island, these persons showered stones and other objects into the buffer zone and onto the Greek Cypriot residences and offices below the bastion. UNFICYP has sought and received assurances from the authorities in the northern part of the island that such actions will not be allowed to recur.

11. While the air violations of the status quo have not increased significantly in number, I am concerned by the growing incidence of overflights by military aircraft and the potential such activity has to unsettle the situation on the island. Fighter aircraft from Turkey entered Cypriot airspace in October 1995 as part of an annual land/sea exercise by the Turkish forces; these aircraft repeatedly overflew the northern part of the city of Nicosia and one overflew the buffer zone. On 14 November 1995, UNFICYP received reports that two F-4 Turkish military aircraft entered Nicosia flight information region, circumnavigated the island and overflew the Karpas peninsula before returning to Turkey. The entries of Turkish military aircraft were protested to UNFICYP by the Government of Cyprus. The Turkish Cypriot authorities and Turkey condemned the participation of F-16 and A-7 military aircraft from Greece, using live ordnance, in the National Guard’s annual military exercise. UNFICYP protested to the respective sides all air violations of the status quo (i.e., flights near or over the buffer zone).

12. The status quo in the fenced area of Varosha was again a matter of concern to UNFICYP. Renewed looting was observed within the fenced area at the beginning of July 1995. At the end of September and again in October 1995, Turkish Cypriot forces forced open one of UNFICYP’s observation posts in the fenced area and UNFICYP was subsequently informed by Turkish forces that it was their intention to convert the building to a student dormitory. The United Nations raised the matter with Turkish forces in Cyprus and with the Permanent Mission of Turkey in New York and was assured that the inviolability of United Nations premises would be respected in future. These developments have prompted the United Nations to remind the Government of Turkey, once again, that the United Nations holds it responsible for the maintenance of the status quo in the fenced area of Varosha and that conversion of buildings in the fenced area for use as accommodation for students would constitute a violation of the status quo.

 

B. Implementation of paragraphs 4 to 6 of resolution 1000 (1995)

13. In paragraph 4 of its resolution 1000 (1995) of 23 June 1995, the Security Council expressed its “concern about the modernization and upgrading of military forces in the Republic of Cyprus and the lack of progress towards a significant reduction in the number of foreign troops in the Republic of Cyprus”. Further, it “urged all concerned once again to commit themselves to such a reduction, and a reduction of defence spending in the Republic of Cyprus to help to restore confidence between the parties and as a first step towards the withdrawal of non-Cypriot forces as set out in the Set of Ideas” (S/24472, annex I).

14. Despite continued efforts by UNFICYP, no progress has been made towards the implementation of these provisions. On the contrary, both sides have continued to improve their military capabilities:

(a) During the reporting period, the Turkish forces continued to upgrade their equipment holdings. With the arrival of an additional 14 tanks, the number of M-48A5 tanks has reached approximately 265. There was a significant increase in the number of armoured personnel carriers; a continued upgrading of artillery from 105 mm to 155 mm; a significant enhancement in their air defence capability with the arrival of shoulder-launched missiles and guns; and a significant increase in their battlefield surveillance capability. These changes represent a significant increase in the military capability of the Turkish forces in Cyprus. In terms of the ratio of military personnel to inhabitants, with over 30,000 Turkish troops and 4,500 Turkish Cypriot troops, the northern part of the island remains one of the most densely militarized areas in the world;

(b) The National Guard, though weaker by far than the Turkish forces in Cyprus, has continued its comprehensive upgrading programme. Some of the steps I drew to the Security Council’s attention in my last report (S/1995/488) have been completed; in particular 18 of the total purchase of BMP 3 infantry fighting vehicles have been delivered to Cyprus. The National Guard increased its holdings of AMX-30 tanks to 104, with the acquisition of 56 such tanks currently being overhauled in Greece. In addition, 224 of the first year’s target of 500 volunteers from Greece for service with the National Guard have arrived in Cyprus. The recent annual National Guard exercise saw the participation of Greek naval and air force units. The key points of the participation by Greece were the dropping of live ordnance on Cyprus and the use of Paphos airport by Greek military aircraft.

15. In paragraph 5 of its resolution 1000 (1995), the Security Council once again called on the military authorities on both sides to enter into discussions with UNFICYP, without further delay, with a view to entering into mutual commitments to prohibit on the cease-fire lines live ammunition or weapons other than those that are hand-held. This has not been achieved. Nor has progress been registered in pursuance of the reiterated call of the Council to both sides to prohibit the firing of weapons within sight or hearing of the buffer zone.

16. In paragraph 6 of its resolution 1000 (1995), the Security Council regretted the failure to reach an agreement on the extension of the 1989 unmanning agreement to cover all areas of the buffer zone where the two sides are in close proximity to each other, and called again on the military authorities on both sides to cooperate urgently with UNFICYP to this end. Despite UNFICYP’s continued efforts, no progress was made here either.

 

C. Restoration of normal conditions and humanitarian functions

17. UNFICYP continued its efforts with authorities and agencies on both sides towards a return to normal conditions and promoted bicommunal contacts with a view to increasing levels of communication and cooperation for the benefit of both communities. The representatives of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Cyprus promoted bicommunal cooperation in a range of areas. Similarly, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), together with some specialized agencies, supported planning for bicommunal projects, including work undertaken in the context of the Nicosia Master Plan (see also sect. III below).

18. Twice in late October 1995, UNFICYP organized highly successful bicommunal events at the Ledra Palace Hotel within the buffer zone in Nicosia to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations. The first occasion, on 22 October, was an “open house” for children of both communities and their families. It was attended by more than 5,000 persons – the largest bicommunal gathering since 1974. More than half of those in attendance were Turkish Cypriots. On 30 October, a “bicommunal friendship concert” took place at the same venue, with an attendance in excess of 1,000, once again coming from both sides. The attendance at each of these events by unprecedented numbers of Turkish Cypriots was possible because the Turkish Cypriot authorities, in a welcome departure, waived the restrictions they normally impose on movement of Turkish Cypriot civilians across the Turkish forces’ cease-fire line for the purpose of bicommunal gatherings.

19. UNFICYP continued to discharge its humanitarian functions in respect of Greek Cypriots and Maronites located in the northern part of the island. These communities now number only 492 and 234 respectively. UNFICYP similarly discharged humanitarian functions with regard to Turkish Cypriots located in the southern part of the island, some 362 of whom have made themselves known to the Force.

Humanitarian review

20. As previously reported (S/1995/488, para. 28), UNFICYP had been engaged in extensive discussion with the authorities on both sides with regard to the living conditions of Greek Cypriots and Maronites living in the northern part of the island and of Turkish Cypriots living in the southern part.

21. In June 1995, UNFICYP shared with the Government of Cyprus the outcome of the review that the Force had undertaken in preceding months regarding the living conditions of Turkish Cypriots located in the southern part of the island. UNFICYP had found that Turkish Cypriots in the southern part of the island were not subjected to a restrictive regime. Under the law, they enjoy the same rights as other citizens, including freedom of movement and the right to acquire property and to dispose of it. At the same time, in several respects, it was found that Turkish Cypriots in the southern part of the island were often the victims of capricious discrimination or police harassment and thus did not at present enjoy a fully normal life. UNFICYP set out concerns that it had in that connection and made a number of recommendations for remedial action by the Government. Specifically, UNFICYP proposed that the Government:

(a) Arrange for the conduct of an independent and comprehensive review of the policies and procedures of the Cyprus police, particularly with respect to their dealings with Turkish Cypriots;

(b) Establish in Limassol an information and liaison office to serve as the principal channel for Turkish Cypriots to obtain information on social welfare and other entitlements, housing and property arrangements and education and to facilitate processing and issuance of permanent identification cards;

(c) Establish an UNFICYP liaison post in Limassol to carry out humanitarian functions of the Force with respect to Turkish Cypriots;

(d) Make available resources for teaching Turkish language, literature and culture to members of the Turkish Cypriot community and others located in the southern part of the island.

For the response of the Government, see annexes I, II and III.

22. On 7 October 1995, a Turkish Cypriot civilian from the Louroujina area was arrested by the Cyprus police and was subsequently charged with criminal offences. The person in question and the Turkish Cypriot authorities disputed the assertion of the Cyprus police that he had been apprehended by the police in the area south of the buffer zone. Those authorities maintain instead that the Cyprus police had apprehended him in the buffer zone. In addition, the person in question and the Turkish Cypriot authorities stated to UNFICYP that he had been severely beaten by members of the Cyprus police. In the exercise of its humanitarian functions, UNFICYP interviewed and medically examined the man while he was in police custody and concluded that he had been seriously maltreated during and after his arrest. In response to representations by UNFICYP, the Government of Cyprus informed the Force that the question of police maltreatment of the man was being fully investigated. With the cooperation of the Government of Cyprus, UNFICYP ensured that the man received regular visits from his wife as well as from his chosen Turkish Cypriot physician and Turkish Cypriot lawyer. On 1 December 1995, three days before the scheduled trial, the Attorney-General of Cyprus decided to drop the charges. The detainee was released to UNFICYP and immediately returned to the northern part of the island. In the light of this and the other reported incidents of abuse of detainees by the Cyprus police, I welcome the independent inquiry into police misconduct that the Government of Cyprus is carrying out (see annexes I, II and III)

23. In June 1995, UNFICYP also shared with the Turkish Cypriot authorities the outcome of its review of the conditions of Greek Cypriots and Maronites located in the northern part of the island. The review confirmed that those communities were the objects of very severe restrictions, which curtailed the exercise of many basic freedoms and had the effect of ensuring that, inexorably with the passage of time, those communities would cease to exist in the northern part of the island. For example, Greek Cypriots living in the northern part of the island are not permitted by the authorities there to bequeath immovable property to a relative, even the next of kin, unless the latter also lives in the northern part of the island. In this way, more and more of the immovable property of Greek Cypriots located in the northern part of the island is expropriated by the Turkish Cypriot authorities for their disposal. Furthermore, there are no secondary school facilities for Greek Cypriots or Maronites in the northern part of the island. The Turkish Cypriot authorities have declined to permit the establishment of such facilities. Greek Cypriot children located in the northern part of the island who opt to attend secondary school in the southern part of the island are denied their right to reside in the northern part of the island once they reach the age of 16 in the case of males and 18 in the case of females.

24. In its humanitarian review, UNFICYP set out its concerns about the situation of the Greek Cypriots and Maronites living in the northern part of the island and made a number of recommendations for remedial action by the Turkish Cypriot authorities. With regard to the Greek Cypriots, UNFICYP recommended that:

(a) All restrictions on land travel within the northern part of Cyprus should be lifted;

(b) Access to and religious use of the monastery at Apostolos Andreas and the church there by the Greek Cypriots of the Karpas peninsula and their clergy should be unrestricted;

(c) All restrictions preventing offshore fishing by the Greek Cypriots of the Karpas should be lifted;

(d) Karpas Greek Cypriots and their visitors should be allowed to travel between the Karpas and the buffer zone crossing point in their own vehicles or in regular public transportation without police escort;

(e) Karpas Greek Cypriots should be allowed visits from close relatives who normally reside outside the northern part of Cyprus;

(f) There should be no hindrance at any time to children of Karpas Greek Cypriots returning to their family homes without formality;

(g) Karpas Greek Cypriots should be allowed to bequeath fixed property in the Karpas to their next of kin, and in the event that such beneficiaries normally reside outside the northern part of the island, they should be allowed to visit bequeathed properties without hindrance or formality;

(h) All Karpas Greek Cypriot students attending secondary schools or third-level institutions in the south should be allowed to return to their homes on weekends and holidays;

(i) Secondary schooling for Greek Cypriots should be facilitated in the Karpas, and teachers and school supplies for Greek Cypriots should be allowed to be provided from the south without hindrance;

(j) The constant presence of the Turkish Cypriot police in the daily lives of the Karpas Greek Cypriots should be ended;

(k) Unrestricted availability of private telephones to Karpas Greek Cypriots should be permitted when they become generally available, and Karpas Greek Cypriots should be permitted to make private telephone calls from locations in the Karpas other than police stations without the presence of any official or other person;

(l) Restrictions on hand-carried mail and newspapers should be lifted;

(m) Karpas Greek Cypriots should be permitted visits by Greek Cypriot doctors and medical staff;

(n) Provision of funds from outside the northern area should be permitted for the renovation and maintenance of Greek Cypriot schools and churches in the Karpas area;

(o) Restrictions on UNFICYP’s freedom of movement to and from as well as within the Karpas area should be lifted;

(p) Restrictions on the discharge by UNFICYP of its humanitarian and other functions with regard to Karpas Greek Cypriots should be lifted and liaison posts should be established where the greatest number of Greek Cypriots live in the north at the villages of Rizokarpaso and Ayias Trias. (The sole remaining permanent UNFICYP presence in the Karpas, a small liaison post, remains confined, with no freedom of movement, in the village of Leonarisso, where only 9 Greek Cypriots still reside.)

25. Concerning the Maronites living in the northern part of the island, UNFICYP’s review recommended that:

(a) All restrictions on freedom of movement between the two parts of the island for all Maronites located in the north and for family members of such persons normally located in the south or elsewhere should be lifted;

(b) A medical centre in Kormakiti should be established and supported, staffed by Maronite medical personnel, to serve the three Maronite villages of Asomatos, Karpasha and Kormakiti and, pending its establishment, a Maronite doctor and nurse should be permitted to visit these villages;

(c) Maronite homes in these three villages should be connected with private telephones and, pending this, publicly accessible telephones should be installed in each of the three villages;

(d) Free, normal, unescorted UNFICYP access to the three villages and to Maronite homes there should be facilitated;

(e) The water supply to Kormakiti village should be improved;

(f) Maronites should be permitted periodically to visit, restore and tend to their holy places located in the northern part of the island but, for the most part, away from the four villages in the north-west where they have resided in modern times.

For the response of the Turkish Cypriot authorities, see annex IV.

D. Liaison with the parties

26. UNFICYP continued to maintain close liaison and cooperation with the military and civilian authorities on both sides. The liaison arrangements on the whole worked reasonably well. However, there were exceptions to this, notably in humanitarian areas, including cases where persons were detained after they crossed the buffer zone. UNFICYP expects in these cases to receive information about the detainee within 12 hours of apprehension and to be able to make an unaccompanied visit to the detainee within 24 hours of apprehension and thereafter on a regular basis at least once a week. During the reporting period, there were three instances where persons crossed the buffer zone into the northern part of the island; UNFICYP received neither timely nor accurate information from the Turkish forces and the Turkish Cypriot authorities (see para. 22 above).

27. Efforts to improve UNFICYP’s freedom of movement in the northern part of the island remained unsuccessful, despite assurances that restrictions would be removed.

 

III. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM

A. Activities of the United Nations Development Programme

28. The United Nations Resident Coordinator (UNDP), serving in his capacity as Coordinator for the United Nations system operational activities for development, continued to work in close cooperation with the United Nations specialized agencies in providing administrative and logistic support to training activities organized in Cyprus. UNDP assisted a United Nations agency technical mission to Cyprus and arranged United Nations fellowships for Cypriots outside the country. In addition, UNDP/Nicosia arranged for 10 representatives of non-governmental organizations from both communities to attend the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in September 1995.

29. UNDP maintained bicommunal activities in the field of health, including support in the campaign against AIDS. This was undertaken in full cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO).

 

B. Activities of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

30. UNHCR, in its role as coordinator of humanitarian assistance in Cyprus since 1974, continues to administer a bicommunal humanitarian programme, which includes significant development components planned and implemented by bicommunal teams of Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. The main areas of cooperation are in the sectors of sanitation (upgrading of Nicosia sewage treatment facilities), agriculture (pest and disease control), health (upgrading and expansion of services and facilities), forestry (reforestation and fire prevention), environmental monitoring (provision of training and equipment) and architecture (rehabilitation of culturally important buildings and sites located along the “green line” in Nicosia). UNHCR is assisted in this role by the Cyprus Red Cross Society with offices located in the northern and southern parts of Nicosia, which facilitate communication and cooperation between the communities for various activities. In addition, regular bicommunal meetings have been convened on UNHCR premises in the United Nations protected area, and Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots have attended bicommunal seminars and various training sessions, both in Cyprus and abroad, under the sponsorship of UNHCR.

31. In these activities, UNHCR continues to cooperate closely with UNDP for projects located in the Nicosia area and under the auspices of the Nicosia Master Plan team and with WHO, through technical advice in the health and sanitation sectors.

 

IV. COMMITTEE ON MISSING PERSONS

32. On several occasions I have conveyed to the Council my concern about the absence of progress in the work of the Committee on Missing Persons and my position that the continued support of the United Nations should depend on the cooperation of both sides in reversing this situation. In view of the fact that the Committee has been operational since 1984, it is only reasonable that after some 11 years a deadline should be set for the submission of cases. All Turkish Cypriot cases were received by the Committee as of several months ago. I have been assured that all the remaining Greek Cypriot cases will be received before the end of 1995. It has been agreed that no further cases will be submitted beyond this period. As a result, the Committee agreed to resume its activities and to hold two sessions between 23 November and 12 December 1995.

33. It is also encouraging that both sides responded positively to my letter of 17 May 1995 by agreeing to proceed on the basis of the compromise criteria for completing investigations that I had proposed. The basis for considering whether the Committee is making progress remains the extent to which it can complete its work at a reasonable speed. I intend to review the situation at the end of February 1996 to consider the merit of continued United Nations support for the Committee in the light of progress made towards the completion of its work.

 

V. GOOD OFFICES MISSION

34. Since my last report to the Security Council (S/1995/488), my Special Representative, Mr. Joe Clark, and my Deputy Special Representative, Mr. Gustave Feissel, have continued contacts with the leaders of the two communities in Cyprus, with the Governments of Greece and Turkey and with interested Governments with a view to finding a basis for a resumption of direct talks. As I noted in my report on the work of the Organization, almost all elements required for a just and lasting settlement are on the table. It is my hope that in the next few months it will be possible to generate the necessary political will to overcome the long-standing deadlock in the negotiating process. My Special Representative and his Deputy will continue their efforts in this regard.

 

VI. ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

35. As of 1 December 1995, the total strength (military personnel and civilian police) of UNFICYP was 1,184. The 1,150 military personnel were from Argentina (391), Austria (313), Canada (2), Finland (2), Hungary (39), Ireland (26) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (377). There were 34 civilian police provided by Australia (20) and Ireland (14). In addition, UNFICYP had 366 civilian staff, 42 of whom were internationally recruited and 318 locally recruited. The deployment of the Force is shown on the map attached to the present report.

36. Hungary resumed its contribution to the Force on 14 November 1995. It provides a platoon that is assigned to Sector 4, for which the Austrian battalion is responsible.

37. Mr. Joe Clark continued as my Special Representative for Cyprus; Mr. Gustave Feissel continued as my Deputy Special Representative and Chief of Mission, resident in Cyprus. Brigadier General Ahti T. P. Vartiainen (Finland) continued as Force Commander.

Financial aspects

38. The General Assembly, by its resolution 49/230 of 23 December 1994, approved the amount of $43,472,300 gross for maintaining UNFICYP for the 12-month period from 1 July 1995 to 30 June 1996. Should the Security Council decide to extend the mandate of UNFICYP for a further period of six months, i.e., from 1 January to 30 June 1996, the cost of maintaining the Force for the period will be approximately $21.7 million.

39. With effect from 16 June 1993, the financing of UNFICYP is inclusive of voluntary contributions of $6.5 million annually from the Government of Greece and of one third of the cost from the Government of Cyprus. On that basis, the amount to be assessed on Member States for the six-month period from 1 January to 30 June 1996 would be approximately $11.2 million.

40. As at 30 November 1995, the total outstanding assessed contributions to the UNFICYP Special Account amounted to $9.2 million. The outstanding assessed contributions for all peace-keeping operations totalled $2 billion.

 

VII. OBSERVATIONS

41. During the past six months, UNFICYP continued to carry out its functions in Cyprus effectively, with the cooperation of both sides. The overall situation on the island remained calm, although tension rose periodically in connection with the events described in the present report. These UNFICYP worked hard to contain.

42. The Security Council has repeatedly declared that the status quo is not an acceptable option. It should also be clear to all concerned that the situation is not static and that delaying an overall settlement is not in the interest of either side.

43. Once again, I must express serious concern at the excessive levels of military forces and armaments in Cyprus and at the rate at which these are being strengthened. Neither side has heeded the Security Council’s repeated calls for a significant reduction in the number of foreign troops and in defence spending in Cyprus. It has also not been possible to make progress even on modest measures, repeatedly called for by the Council, aimed at reducing confrontation between the two sides along the cease-fire lines.

44. The large attendance at the bicommunal events organized by UNFICYP in connection with the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations this past October demonstrated that there is a strong desire on the part of both Greek and Turkish Cypriots to develop contacts and mutual understanding with their compatriots in the other community. I welcome the action taken by the Turkish Cypriot authorities to facilitate the participation of Turkish Cypriots in such events and hope that it will be repeated and expanded in the future.

45. The humanitarian review that UNFICYP has conducted shows that the Greek Cypriots and Maronites in the northern part of the island are far from leading the normal life they were promised under the agreement reached between the two sides at Vienna on 2 August 1975. 3/ The limited measures that the Turkish Cypriot authorities have recently announced with a view to improving the daily lives of the persons concerned are welcome. At the same time, the measures highlight how much more needs to be done. UNFICYP will pursue this matter with the Turkish Cypriot authorities and others concerned. UNFICYP will also follow up with the Government of Cyprus on the measures it is taking to eliminate any discrimination against or harassment of the Turkish Cypriots living in the southern part of the island.

46. In the prevailing circumstances, I believe that UNFICYP’s presence on the island remains indispensable to achieving the objectives set out by the Security Council. Therefore, I recommend that the Council extend the mandate of the Force for a further period of six months until 30 June 1996. In accordance with established practice, I am consulting the parties concerned on the matter and shall report to the Council as soon as these consultations have been completed.

47. I take this opportunity to express my appreciation to the Governments contributing troops and civilian police to UNFICYP for the steadfast support they have given to this peace-keeping operation of the United Nations. I also wish to thank the Governments that have made voluntary contributions towards the financing of the Force.

48. In conclusion, I wish to pay tribute to my Special Representative, Mr. Joe Clark, to my Deputy Special Representative, Mr. Gustave Feissel, to the Force Commander, Brigadier General Ahti T. P. Vartiainen and to the men and women serving with UNFICYP. They have discharged with efficiency and dedication the important responsibilities entrusted to them by the Security Council.

 

Notes

1/ See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-fifth Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1980, document S/14275 and note 57.

2/ See ibid., Fortieth Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1985, document S/17657, para. 19.

3/ See ibid., Thirtieth Year, Supplement for July, August and September 1975, document S/11789, annex.

Annex I

LETTER DATED 25 JULY 1995 FROM THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN
AFFAIRS OF CYPRUS ADDRESSED TO THE DEPUTY SPECIAL
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

    On behalf of the Government of Cyprus, I would like to acknowledge receipt of UNFICYP’s humanitarian report on the situation of Turkish Cypriots living in the free areas of the Republic, the contents of which we studied carefully. It is obvious that this document is not related or connected in any way with the enclaved persons, whose case is completely different.

The Government of Cyprus attaches great importance to this matter, as it firmly believes that all Cypriot citizens, regardless of ethnic origin, are entitled to normal living conditions. As citizens of the Republic, the Turkish Cypriots living in the free areas enjoy the same freedoms, rights and obligations as all other citizens. Furthermore, we are providing special assistance to the Turkish Cypriots who remained in the free areas or moved there at a later stage. The Government has assisted the Turkish Cypriots in securing housing, employment, health and welfare benefits. They also enjoy freedom of movement and can acquire and dispose of property without any restrictions, facts that are well documented in your report.

Despite the policy of the Government regarding this issue, it is not impossible that there may be expressions of bitterness due to the continued occupation.

Let me however assure you that we are fully committed to the policy of equal treatment of all Cypriot citizens, and that we are always ready to examine carefully any complaints or reasonable demands by Turkish Cypriots residing in the free areas.

The same policy of equal treatment of all Cypriot citizens guides the work of the Cyprus police. The Chief of Police has issued clear instructions that this policy be applied at all levels of the police. In view of the questions raised in UNFICYP’s humanitarian report, an internal review is being initiated by the Cyprus police. In the meantime, any specific issue that UNFICYP may wish to discuss may be raised with the Cyprus police through the existing liaison channels.

Furthermore, I would like to specify that all administrative matters of the population living in each district, irrespective of origin, are the responsibility of the district administrative officers, whom we have instructed to take all necessary measures to ensure that the policy of equal treatment is applied to all Cypriot citizens without any exception or discrimination.

We have also requested the competent district officers to facilitate contacts and also to encourage Turkish Cypriots who may feel they were not justly or fairly treated to address themselves to them.

The Turkish Cypriots are mainly living in the areas of Nicosia city, Potamia village, Limassol city, Larnaca city, Paphos city, Mouttalos and Yeroskipou.

The competent officers for these areas are the following:

Mrs. Stalo Agathocleous (tel. No. 02-300539) for Nicosia and Potamia

Mrs. Stala Constantinou (tel. No. 05-330225) for Limassol

Mr. Andreas Phylactou (tel. No. 04-630105) for Larnaca, and

Mrs. Mary Lambrou (tel. No. 06-240187) for Paphos, Yeroskipou and Mouttalos.

UNFICYP can also be in touch with the above officers for any complains submitted to them.

While we hope that the above arrangements will prove satisfactory to you, we are always ready and willing to discuss any suggestions or observations you may want to submit.

To facilitate UNFICYP’s humanitarian work, the Government will, in line with the status-of-forces agreement between the Republic of Cyprus and UNFICYP, facilitate the early establishment of an UNFICYP liaison office in Limassol. The details may be worked out in the normal manner.

I avail myself of this opportunity to convey to you the grave concern of the President of the Republic regarding the situation of the enclaved Greek Cypriots, which continues to be totally unacceptable. Due to harassment and total disrespect of their human rights by the Turkish side, only a small number of Greek Cypriots and Maronites remain in the occupied area. This is a direct consequence of the fact that the third Vienna agreement, signed on 2 August 1975 by Mr. Denkta_ in the presence of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, has never been honoured by the Turkish side.

We, therefore, urge resolute action in order to ameliorate the living conditions of the enclaved Greek Cypriots and Maronites and, in this respect, we are anxious to know the content of your relevant report.

 

(Signed)  Alecos P. MICHAELIDES

 

Annex II

LETTER DATED 13 OCTOBER 1995 FROM THE MINISTER OF FINANCE
AND ACTING MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CYPRUS
ADDRESSED TO THE DEPUTY SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
SECRETARY-GENERAL

     Further to previous correspondence on the subject ending with the letter dated 25 July 1995, addressed to you by the Foreign Minister, Mr. Alecos Michaelides, I would like to refer to the UNFICYP humanitarian review on members of the Turkish Cypriot community residing in the free areas of the Republic and to inform you of the following:

After further consideration and discussion, the Government of the Republic has decided:

(a) To establish an elementary day school in Limassol for the needs of the Turkish Cypriot children. Arrangements are being made for a Turkish Cypriot teacher to be employed by the Government;

(b) To establish an office staffed by a full-time employee of the District Office, who will act as a liaison between members of the Turkish Cypriot community and government departments. For this purpose, a competent officer has already been assigned. A sizeable old Turkish Cypriot house has been identified as suitable and has been renovated to be used both as an educational centre and an office for Turkish Cypriot affairs;

(c) To meet UNFICYP’s request for office facilities in carrying out necessary contacts in this respect;

(d) To expedite the conclusion of the internal police review, a woman police officer will be assigned as a contact person between the police and the Turkish Cypriots.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs will keep your staff informed of progress on these issues.

(Signed)Chistodoulos CHRISTODOULOU
Minister of Finance
Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs

Annex III

LETTER DATED 29 NOVEMBER 1995 FROM THE PRESIDENTIAL
COMMISSIONER FOR HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS ADDRESSED TO
THE DEPUTY SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
SECRETARY-GENERAL

 

I wish to refer to UNFICYP’s document entitled “Humanitarian review of the situation of Turkish Cypriots located in the south of Cyprus”. With particular reference to complaints about harassment or maltreating Turkish Cypriots, I would like to state the following.

The Government’s declared policy is that Turkish Cypriots should be treated like all other citizens of the Republic and should be facilitated to live a normal life. With regard to the police, strict instructions are in force that they should keep strictly to the security-oriented nature of their duties and that any reports of harassment, maltreatment or brutality will lead to disciplinary action involving dismissal from the Force.

The policies, procedures and practices of the police have been subjected to strict scrutiny and already there has been a reassignment of duties in the Force to ensure compliance with government policy. The situation of Turkish Cypriots living in the free areas of the Republic does not give grounds for any concern whatsoever.

Irrespective of steps taken concerning Turkish Cypriots, the Government is determined to crack down on any individual policeman who is found guilty of maltreatment or brutality. It has not hesitated to go back several years, in its determination to bring to justice no fewer than 15 police officers (amongst them the Superintendent of Police, Limassol) for alleged brutalities to Greek Cypriots back in 1990.

With regard to the incidents involving violent mistreatment of Turkish Cypriots by the police in April 1994, the complainants, or some of them, have lodged private recourses before the European Commission of Human Rights under article 25 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights. The proceedings before the Commission are confidential and, under the relevant rules, no disclosure of any document or address filed is possible. Much as we condemn and deplore any incidents, since the facts are in issue in the proceedings before the Commission, we feel it is only fair to await the result of the recourses. Nobody should doubt the impartiality and the will of the Commission to protect human rights.

In a recent case of complaint by a Turkish Cypriot for police mistreatment, the matter was referred to the ombudsman, who is investigating the complaint and is expected to have his report ready soon. The ombudsman is an independent officer of the Republic who did not hesitate in the past, on five different occasions, to reach the conclusion that the police exceeded their authority.

Moreover, the present Attorney-General is more than ready to recommend to the Council of Ministers the appointment of criminal investigators under the Criminal Procedure Law and the Council of Ministers has so far accepted most of his recommendations. The Attorney-General has actually appointed ex-judges and Counsels of the Republic as criminal investigators to investigate the commission of crimes referred to in the corresponding recourses.

Similar action is being pursued in respect of the case of Osman Yusuf, alias Erkman Egmez, which formed the subject of my letter to you of 20 November 1995. The Attorney-General is determined to bring to justice anyone guilty of maltreatment/brutality.

 

(Signed) Leandros V. ZACHARIADES
Presidential Commissioner for
Humanitarian Affairs

 

Annex IV

MEASURES BEING IMPLEMENTED BY THE TURKISH CYPRIOT AUTHORITIES
IN RESPECT OF GREEK CYPRIOTS AND MARONITES LOCATED IN THE
NORTHERN PART OF CYPRUS

(30 November 1995)

 

1. Greek Cypriots and Maronites living in the north may go to the south at any time after notifying the police station in the area where they reside. Such persons may remain absent from the north for up to 15 consecutive days at a time. There is no limit on the number of such 15-day journeys that an individual may make. However, if the authorities in the north conclude that the person has taken up residence in the south, he/she will not be permitted to return to the north.

2. Greek Cypriot schoolchildren (males up to 16 years of age and females up to 18 years of age) and Maronite schoolchildren (males and females up to 18 years of age) from families living in the north and who are attending school in the south may visit their parents resident in the north during holidays (official, religious, mid-term, summer and weekends) without any restrictions as regards duration.

3. Greek Cypriots located outside the northern part of Cyprus and having close relatives located in the north (i.e., spouse, father or mother, son or daughter, brother or sister) may visit those relatives once a month for the day. Such Greek Cypriots will have to apply to the Turkish Cypriot authorities at the Ledra Palace crossing point five days in advance.

4. Maronites located outside the northern part of Cyprus may visit their close relatives who are located in the north (i.e. spouse, father or mother, brother or sister, son or daughter, uncle or aunt, grandparent or grandchild or cousin) once a month for up to three days. Such Maronites will have to apply to the Turkish Cypriot authorities at the Ledra Palace crossing point 48 hours in advance.

5. As regards access to the northern part of the island, the Turkish Cypriot authorities will treat nationals of countries other than Cyprus who are of Greek Cypriot or Maronite origin in the same manner that they treat other nationals of the country concerned. In this way, such nationals may visit the northern part of the island by applying to the Turkish Cypriot authorities when crossing at the Ledra Palace crossing point.

6. Greek Cypriots located in the northern part of the island, after informing the police where they live of their destination and the duration of their stay, may undertake day-time travel to Nicosia, Famagusta and Kyrenia. At these locations, they may circulate freely. In Kyrenia, they may travel eastwards to Villa Firtina and westwards to Celebrity Hotel. Greek Cypriots may use the following routes of access to these locations:

– Between the Karpas and Famagusta.

– Between Famagusta and Nicosia.

– Between Nicosia and Kyrenia.

The persons concerned may use public transportation as well as private vehicles, provided these are registered and insured in the north and provided they carry plates and the drivers have licences issued by the Turkish Cypriot authorities. They may visit Celebrity Hotel and other tourist installations in the vicinity, Mare Monte, Deniz Kizi and Jasmine Court hotels and restaurants on the roadways such as St. Tropez, Mirabelle, etc.

7. Maronites located in the northern part of the island, after informing the police where they live of their destination and the duration of their stay, may undertake day-time travel to Nicosia, Morphou, Kyrenia and Famagusta. At these locations, they may circulate freely. In Kyrenia they may travel eastwards up to Villa Firtina. For this purpose, they may use the following routes:

– Between Myrtou and Morphou.

– Between Myrtou and Kyrenia.

– Between Myrtou and Nicosia (southern route).

– Between Nicosia and Famagusta.

The persons concerned may visit Celebrity Hotel and other tourist installations in the vicinity, Mare Monte, Deniz Kizi and Jasmine Court hotels and restaurants on the roadways such as St. Tropez, Mirabelle, etc.

8. Telephones for public and private use will be installed in the villages where Greek Cypriots and Maronites live. This will be done as soon as the ongoing infrastructural work is completed.

9. Where necessary, the upkeeping of Greek Cypriot and Maronite places of worship and education in the northern part of the island will be carried out in accordance with current regulations.

10. There has never been any restriction on the circulation in the northern part of the island of newspapers published in south Cyprus. On a daily basis, newspapers and magazines may be obtained from the south through the Ledra Palace crossing point and may be brought freely to villages in the north inhabited by Greek Cypriots and Maronites.

11. Greek Cypriots located in the north may visit Apostolos Andreas Monastery on religious holidays, provided they do so in groups of no less than 20 persons.

12. The Turkish Cypriot authorities will carry out improvements to the infrastructural facilities in the region where Maronites live. These improvements will cover, inter alia, the water supply and road systems as well as the establishment of a medical centre in the Kormakiti area.

13. Some of the important Maronite holy places in the remote areas of the northern part of the island may be repaired, provided the Vatican makes necessary funds available through the Turkish Cypriot authorities.

14. Mail may be channelled to and from Greek Cypriots and Maronites lcoated in the north only through the mail service established by the Turkish Cypriot authorities.

 

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	United Nations		S/1995/488
	Security Council				Distr.: General15 June 1995 Original: English

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS
OPERATION IN CYPRUS

(for the period from 13 December 1994 to 15 June 1995)

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The present report on the United Nations operation in Cyprus covers developments during the period from 13 December 1994 to 15 June 1995 in the activities of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) and my mission of good offices pursuant to Security Council resolution 186 (1964) of 4 March 1964 and subsequent Council resolutions, most recently resolution 969 (1994) of 21 December 1994. In keeping with my view that the activities of the Organization should be viewed as a whole and that the contributions of all the departments and agencies of the United Nations system can support in important and useful ways its peace-keeping and peacemaking endeavours, I have included in section IV of the present report information on the activities of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

 

II. ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

 

2. As at 1 June 1995, the composition of UNFICYP was as follows:

 

Military personnel

Argentina UNFICYP headquarters                 6
Infantry battalion                                             364
Military police element                                       6
Helicopter flight                                                   16
392

Austria UNFICYP headquarters                      9
Infantry battalion                                            332
Military police element                                    12
353

Military personnel

Canada UNFICYP headquarters                     2
2

Finland UNFICYP headquarters                    2
2

Ireland UNFICYP headquarters                    6
Camp Command Unit                                       17
Military police element                                    2
25

United Kingdom of UNFICYP headquarters     9
Great Britain and Infantry battalion               351
Northern Ireland Military police element         4
364

Total, military personnel                                             1138

Civilian police personnel

Australia                                                                       20
Ireland                                                                           15

Total, civilian police personnel                                    35

 

Total, UNFICYP                                                              1173

 

In addition, UNFICYP had 366 civilian staff, 42 of whom were internationally recruited and 318 locally recruited. The deployment of the Force is shown on the map attached to the present report.

3. Mr. Joe Clark continued as my Special Representative for Cyprus; Mr. Gustave Feissel continued as my Deputy Special Representative, resident in Cyprus, and as Chief of Mission when Mr. Clark was not on the island. Brigadier-General Ahti T. P. Vartiainen (Finland) continued as Force Commander.

Financial aspects

4. Should the Security Council decide to extend the mandate of UNFICYP for a further period of six months, that is, from 1 July to 31 December 1995, as recommended in paragraph 52 below, the full cost of maintaining the Force for the period is estimated at $21.7 million, which is one half of the amount approved by the General Assembly in its resolution 49/230 of 23 December 1994.

5. It is recalled that the financing of the Force since 16 June 1993 has consisted of voluntary contributions of $6.5 million annually from the Government of Greece and one third of the cost from the Government of Cyprus. On that basis, the amount to be assessed on Member States for the six-month period from 1 July to 31 December 1995 would amount to approximately $11.2 million.

6. As at 31 May 1995, the total outstanding assessed contributions to the UNFICYP Special Account amounted to $9.6 million and the outstanding assessed contributions for all peace-keeping operations totalled $1.9 billion.

 

III. ACTIVITIES OF THE FORCE

7. In its resolution 186 (1964), the Security Council defined the mandate of UNFICYP as follows:

“In the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions.”

The Council has repeatedly reaffirmed that mandate, most recently in its resolution 969 (1994). In connection with the events that have occurred since 15 July 1974, the Council has adopted a number of resolutions, some of which required the Force to perform certain additional or modified functions relating, in particular, to the maintenance of the cease-fire. 1/

 

A. Relations with the parties

8. In carrying out its tasks, UNFICYP continued to maintain close liaison and cooperation with the military and civilian authorities on both sides. None the less, difficulties remained with respect to liaison with the Turkish Forces, who continued to refuse to treat with UNFICYP on a number of issues, referring the Force instead to the Turkish Cypriot authorities. That position affected, in particular, the maintenance of the status quo in the fenced area of Varosha and the implementation of certain provisions of Security Council resolution 969 (1994) relating to further unmanning and prohibition of the carriage of live ammunition and of certain weapons along the cease-fire lines, as well as the prohibition of firing weapons within sight or hearing of the buffer zone (see paras. 18-20 below). For its part, the United Nations has maintained that, as far as the Turkish/Turkish Cypriot side is concerned, the Turkish Forces are the party to the cease-fire established in 1974 and cannot abrogate their responsibility in that regard.

9. Regarding freedom of movement for members of UNFICYP in the northern part of the island, the guidelines established in 1983 2/ and subsequently improved in practice continued to be applied, although UNFICYP experienced frequent difficulties. Efforts to improve UNFICYP’s freedom of movement in the northern part of the island remained unsuccessful, despite previous assurances to UNFICYP that a positive response would be forthcoming.

 

B. Maintenance of the cease-fire and the military status quo

10. As the members of the Security Council are aware, the cease-fire lines extend approximately 180 kilometres, roughly from east to west across the island. The area between the lines is known as the United Nations buffer zone. Its width varies from 20 metres to 7 kilometres, and it covers about 3 per cent of the island (see the attached map). The United Nations buffer zone contains some of the most fertile land in Cyprus, as well as a number of villages. With the exception of the mixed village of Pyla, the inhabitants of the buffer zone are almost entirely Greek Cypriots.

11. UNFICYP continues to keep the United Nations buffer zone under constant surveillance from 22 permanent observation posts, daylight hour surveillance from 2 additional posts and periodic daily observation from a further 19 patrol bases. UNFICYP now also maintains less frequent periodic surveillance of the remainder of the buffer zone from a further 118 observation posts, carries out vehicle, foot and air patrols, and maintains surveillance of the seaward extension of the cease-fire lines.

12. During the reporting period, both sides generally respected the cease-fire and the military status quo. UNFICYP intervened in numerous minor incidents to correct violations and to prevent any escalation. The firing of weapons was reported on numerous occasions. A significant number of these cases was attributable to undisciplined weapons discharges by members of the National Guard. In addition, on two occasions linked to a religious ceremony within the buffer zone in the area of Athienou on 6 and 7 June 1995, the National Guard violated the integrity of the buffer zone through the temporary deployment of a sizeable armed guard of honour.

13. Further to my previous report (S/1994/1407, para. 13), the National Guard continued with an extensive programme to strengthen its military positions, or to add new ones, along and behind its cease-fire line opposite all sectors of the buffer zone. Some excavations encroached upon the buffer zone and these were filled in after representations by UNFICYP. Meanwhile, the Turkish Forces have carried out maintenance and some minor improvements of military positions located along or behind their cease-fire line.

14. The number of air violations of the status quo has increased in comparison with the last mandate period. There was more air activity near the buffer zone and occasionally, as a result of pilot error, this resulted in a violation of the buffer zone. Turkish fighter aircraft entered Cypriot air space in the north of the island in May, as part of a military exercise. This incursion was protested by the authorities of the Republic of Cyprus.

15. A small number of demonstrations took place at locations close to the buffer zone. A few Greek Cypriot demonstrators entered the buffer zone during some of the demonstrations, but the situation was kept under control by UNFICYP and there was no violence.

16. Despite UNFICYP’s continued representations, Greek Cypriot tourist and fishing boats continued to cross the seaward extension of the Turkish Forces cease-fire line. To do so, such vessels have to cross the seaward extension of the National Guard cease-fire line and the Maritime Security Line, which was established by UNFICYP as a practical measure for security and safety purposes in the vicinity of Kokkina and Famagusta. 3/ On two occasions, those aboard a Greek Cypriot fishing vessel were apprehended by a Turkish Cypriot patrol boat at locations to the north of the seaward extension of the Turkish Forces cease-fire line. After representations were made by UNFICYP, the crew members and the vessels in question were returned to the south. UNFICYP has made it clear to the appropriate authorities that such practices at sea raise tension and are potentially dangerous for the individuals concerned. UNFICYP, it will be recalled, has no capacity to operate at sea.

17. From late 1994, reports appeared in the Turkish Cypriot press indicating an intention on the part of the Turkish Cypriot authorities to refurbish the church of Ayios Ioannis, which is located within the fenced area of Varosha, and to open the building to the public as an icon museum. The United Nations took this matter up with the representatives, civilian and military, of the Government of the Republic of Turkey making it clear that such action would constitute a violation of the status quo in respect of the fenced area of Varosha. As has often been stated in my reports to the Security Council, the United Nations considers the Government of Turkey responsible for maintaining that status quo. 4/ Despite this, on 2 May 1995 the Turkish Cypriot authorities held a public ceremony inaugurating the church as an icon museum. Since then, access to the fenced area has been modified allowing members of the public to visit the church. UNFICYP has strongly protested to the Turkish Forces in Cyprus this violation of the status quo in respect of the fenced area of Varosha.

 

C. Implementation of paragraphs 4 to 6 of resolution 969 (1994)

18. In paragraph 4 of its resolution 969 (1994), the Security Council urged all concerned to commit themselves to a significant reduction in the number of foreign troops in the Republic of Cyprus to help restore confidence between the parties and as a first step towards the withdrawal of non-Cypriot forces as set out in the set of ideas (S/24472, annex I). Once again, despite continued efforts by UNFICYP, I regret to report that no progress has been made towards the implementation of these provisions; in fact, there has been a deterioration in this regard. Both sides have made improvements to their military capabilities as described below:

(a) The northern part of the island, with its garrison of some 30,000 Turkish troops and some 4,500 Turkish Cypriot troops, remains one of the most highly militarized areas in the world in terms of the ratio between the numbers of military personnel and civilians. During the reporting period, the Turkish Forces completed their programme to upgrade their fleet of between 250 and 300 tanks to the M48 A5 standard and introduced new artillery systems, including twin barrelled, towed anti-aircraft guns and a battalion of 155 mm self-propelled howitzers. These changes substantially enhance the military capabilities of the Turkish Forces in Cyprus.

(b) The National Guard, though by far the smaller of the two military establishments facing each other across the buffer zone, has continued its comprehensive programme to upgrade its strength. Steps taken by the Guard included the acquisition of Exocet missiles and plans to purchase a significant number of tanks, armoured personnel carriers and an air defence system. Also, in the context of the “Defence Dogma” agreed by the Government of Greece and the Republic of Cyprus, the National Guard has been recruiting volunteers, including from Greece, with a stated target over five years of an additional 5,000 personnel, including 500 in the first year.

19. In paragraph 5 of its resolution 969 (1994), the Security Council called once again on the military authorities on both sides to begin discussion with UNFICYP without further delay with a view to entering into mutual commitments to prohibit along the cease-fire lines live ammunition or weapons other than those which are hand-held. This objective has not been achieved. Furthermore, no progress has been made so far in pursuance of the Council’s call on both sides to prohibit the firing of weapons within sight or hearing of the buffer zone.

20. In paragraph 6 of its resolution 969 (1994), the Security Council called upon the military authorities on both sides to cooperate with UNFICYP in extending the 1989 unmanning agreement to cover all areas of the buffer zone where the two sides are in close proximity to each other. While there have been continued declarations on both sides ostensibly in favour of unmanning in general terms, and despite ongoing contacts between UNFICYP and the military on each side, no concrete progress on implementation of the Security Council’s call for further unmanning has been seen during the mandate period.

 

D. Restoration of normal conditions and humanitarian functions

21. UNFICYP continued its efforts with authorities and agencies on both sides towards a return to normal conditions and promoted bi-communal contacts with a view to increasing levels of communication and cooperation for the benefit of both communities. UNHCR in Cyprus promoted bi-communal cooperation in a variety of areas. Similarly, UNDP, together with the specialized agencies, supported planning for bi-communal projects, including work undertaken in the context of the Nicosia master plan (see also sect. IV below).

22. UNFICYP has increased the space available for bi-communal activities at the Ledra Palace Hotel and has publicized, on both sides of the buffer zone, new simplified procedures for reserving space. A journalist’s meeting room is now provided, where members of the press from both sides may gather without formality. UNFICYP has also facilitated ongoing work at the Ledra Palace Hotel by the grass-roots bi-communal steering group and a host of other bi-communal endeavours. It encourages interested groups and individuals on each side of the buffer zone to contemplate visiting the other side to pursue bi-communal contact. Unfortunately, and despite a public declaration made by Mr. Denktash on 20 January 1995 that “bi-communal contacts will be further promoted and encouraged”, the Turkish Cypriot authorities have continued to place frequent impediments in the way of such contacts.

23. The air navigation interference affecting flights using Tymbou (Erçan) airport continued into the present mandate period. The Government has assured UNFICYP that it will ensure that this dangerous and illegal practice ceases.

24. The electricity shortfall that resulted in extensive power cuts in the northern part of the island for a six-month period was considerably alleviated in March 1995. This improvement was due to an increase in generating capacity island-wide with the commissioning of new power station in the northern part of the island.

25. During the period under review, the Government of Cyprus stated that a large number of churches located in the northern part of the island had been damaged, vandalized or converted into mosques and that a number of cemeteries had been desecrated, representing a destruction of the Greek Cypriot cultural heritage there. UNFICYP has again taken up these concerns with the Turkish Cypriot authorities.

26. The population of Greek Cypriots and Maronites residing in the northern part of the island is now 520 and 234 respectively. UNFICYP continued to provide them with humanitarian support by delivering food and other supplies provided by the Government of Cyprus and assisted in organizing visits and contacts between family members on both sides of the island and in ensuring that permanent moves to the south were voluntary, as it continues to do for Turkish Cypriots who move permanently from south to north.

27. UNFICYP continued its regular visits to Turkish Cypriots residing in the southern part of the island and to assist them by arranging family meetings with their relatives living in the north. These family meetings, which were not permitted by the Turkish Cypriot authorities for most of the previous mandate period, have resumed and continued without interruption to date.

28. UNFICYP has recently been engaged in extensive discussion with the authorities on both sides with regard to the conditions respectively of Greek Cypriots and Maronites located in the northern part of the island and of Turkish Cypriots located in the south. These contacts are ongoing and I will report to the Security Council on their outcome at an early opportunity.

29. Following a long-standing effort on UNFICYP’s part, the Force secured the cooperation of both sides and coordinated the return, from each side of the buffer zone to the rightful owners located on the other side, of all the motor vehicles that in recent years had crossed the buffer zone in one circumstance or another.

30. The mixed village of Pyla, situated in the buffer zone, continued to receive attention from UNFICYP. In general, the village was calm and life proceeded quietly.

31. It will be recalled from my last report (S/1994/1407, para. 27) that there had been a permanent Cyprus Police checkpoint at the southern entrance to Pyla, which had been lifted in early December 1994. It was, however, replaced by a Cyprus Police temporary checkpoint in the same location, which has operated at irregular intervals. Of late, this temporary checkpoint is being operated on a more frequent basis. I am concerned that this will discourage tourists from the south from visiting the village and that the expected benefit to both communities in Pyla from the forthcoming peak tourist season will be rendered insignificant.

 

IV. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM

32. I am convinced that the economic and social development activities of the United Nations can facilitate the development of conditions helpful to a solution to the Cyprus problem. Two agencies in particular have historically been active in the social and economic areas in Cyprus, UNDP and UNHCR. Particularly noteworthy are their efforts to conduct activities within, and for the benefit of, both communities in Cyprus on a bi-communal basis. When Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots can be brought together in joint activities, it contributes not only to the specific goals of projects and programmes but also to building mutual confidence and promoting a return to normal conditions through contacts and cooperation between the communities.

 

A. Activities of the United Nations Development Programme

33. The United Nations Resident Coordinator (UNDP), serving in the capacity of coordinator for the United Nations system’s operational activities for development, continued to work in harmony with the United Nations specialized agencies. These activities included programmes of technical assistance, United Nations fellowships, and planning activities for future bi-communal projects in support of future United Nations efforts for the island of Cyprus.

34. The specialized agencies provided technical assistance to the Government of Cyprus, including four missions from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), five missions from the World Health Organization (WHO) and a mission from the International Maritime Organization (IMO). There were two missions to Cyprus carried out by United Nations interregional advisers. Technical assistance missions addressed the areas of genetic diagnostics, implementation of radiation protection, financial management, an oral health plan, control of zoonoses, child and adolescent psychiatric care and statistical measurements.

35. On 1 June 1995, UNDP will complete a project aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of Cypriot industry at a total cost of $900,000. UNDP also executed and completed, under the Nicosia master plan, a photogrammetric measurement of the Venetian walls of Nicosia with participation by both Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, providing $50,000 for the completion of the project. It is likely that, based on the UNDP report, a restoration effort will be undertaken prior to the end of 1995 totalling $650,000. In addition, UNDP undertook a project totalling $5,000 for the compilation of lists of experts and consultants from Cyprus to be placed upon the Information Referral System to utilize their expertise in support of small island States and other efforts to provide technical assistance within the United Nations system; continued negotiations with both parties for a future UNDP mission to assess the restoration requirements for the Apostolos Andreas Monastery on the Karpas peninsula; and provided $30,000 for the execution of a national human development report to be undertaken by the Government of Cyprus Department of Statistics and Research.

36. The office of the Resident Coordinator has been in contact with the Government of Cyprus and Cypriot non-governmental organizations with regard to the forthcoming World Conference on Women to be held in Beijing in September 1995, and has offered to fund the participation of 10 women from Cyprus, including four to be funded by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

37. UNDP undertook a cost-sharing project totalling $72,000 with the Cyprus Development Bank providing 50 per cent of the total funding for support to private sector initiatives regarding future capital investment in the Eastern Mediterranean countries, including the Palestinian Authority.

38. On behalf of UNFPA, the Resident Coordinator assisted in the completion of a project on family relations and the rights of women. The cost of the project was $10,000. The United Nations Drug Control Programme (UNDCP), utilizing the offices of the Resident Coordinator, provided equipment worth $50,000 to the forensic laboratory of the Government of Cyprus to assist in drug control. The Resident Coordinator, acting on behalf of IMO, signed an agreement for a special funds-in-trust project for a feasibility study for establishment of maritime training facilities in Cyprus. The total cost of the project is $40,500. The Resident Coordinator submitted two projects to the Government of Cyprus for signature, including an IAEA regional technical cooperation project on the study of energy options using IAEA planning methodologies, and a UNDP regional statistical project to provide support for the development of social statistics.

39. The Resident Coordinator, in a coordinated effort with the Department of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat, undertook an effort to meet the needs of the Government of Cyprus and monitored the situation with regard to an earthquake in Cyprus on 23 February 1995.

40. The office of the Resident Coordinator administered 30 United Nations fellowships for training purposes for Cypriot nationals totalling $80,500 on a pro forma basis. In addition, UNDP provided administrative support for six United Nations workshops held in Cyprus during the first half of 1995.

 

B. Activities of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

41. UNHCR, in its role as coordinator of humanitarian assistance in Cyprus since 1974, continues to implement a 100 per cent bi-communal humanitarian programme, including some development components planned and carried out by bi-communal teams composed of both Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, in the areas of sewerage and restoration of architecturally interesting buildings in Nicosia on both sides of the buffer zone; in the health sector, specifically in rehabilitation, physiotherapy, emergency medical care, the elderly, neurology and genetics, cardiology, kidney/bone marrow transplantation, medical laboratory sciences, immunology, thalassaemia, substance abuse, and mental health; and in forestry, pest control, the environment, water resources, architecture, civil engineering and education, with activities on both sides of the buffer zone.

42. In these endeavours, UNHCR cooperates very closely with UNDP, for example, several UNHCR projects with development components are based on studies made by UNDP experts; the comments of WHO experts have been useful to UNHCR in dealing with a complex sewerage system where one of the main treatment plants serving the whole of Nicosia is in a military area in the northern part of the island, and the UNDP Resident Representative and his relevant staff attend some meetings of the UNHCR bi-communal teams related to UNDP interests.

43. UNHCR works very closely with the humanitarian branch of UNFICYP as UNHCR provides logistical support to the Greek Cypriots in the northern part of the island and in the movement of persons needing special attention from the Turkish Cypriot community to the south. UNHCR-funded Red Cross personnel in the Turkish Cypriot community assist in the operation of the exchange point designed to facilitate routine services between the two communities.

44. The operation of UNHCR’s 24 areas of bi-communal cooperation, networked into five groups, has been tested during this reporting period. Networked on a geographical basis, in the sewerage, Chrysaliniotissa and Arab Ahmet projects (part of UNDP’s master plan), an amount of some $1,638,000 was spent in the last six months; during the same period, some $1,670,000 was used for the health areas; some $607,000 for forestry, pest control, water resources and the environment; and some $246,000 for education. The United States Agency for International Development grants UNHCR $10 million annually exclusively for these bi-communal projects.

45. Bi-communal activities include country-wide research and feasibility studies, local and international training courses and seminars, exchange of expertise between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, collaboration in use of state-of-the-art equipment, joint team planning, implementation and evaluation of projects, spontaneous sharing of resources as the need arises and informal social events.

46. By the beginning of 1995, there were some 913 Greek Cypriots and 450 Turkish Cypriots consistently involved in UNHCR’s humanitarian programme in Cyprus. Out of this total of 1,364 Cypriots, 151 (91 Greek Cypriots and 60 Turkish Cypriots) were classified as performing leadership roles in terms of planning, implementing and evaluating the programme. Of these, 109 are men and 42 are women. A further gender analysis of this figure shows that of the 109 men, 67 are Greek Cypriots and 42 are Turkish Cypriots; of the 42 women, 24 are Greek Cypriot and 18 are Turkish Cypriot.

 

V. COMMITTEE ON MISSING PERSONS

47. During the period under review, the Committee on Missing Persons did not hold any formal meetings. However, bilateral meetings of the Third Member of the Committee and his assistants with both sides continued to take place on a regular basis in an effort to bridge existing differences over criteria for the conclusion of investigations. At the end of March 1995, the Third Member submitted a report on this question to me, together with proposals put forward by each side. Having studied the report of the Third Member and the respective proposals, I wrote to the two leaders on 17 May 1995 putting forward compromise proposals of my own, which, I believe, should constitute the criteria for concluding investigations. I asked both leaders to respond favourably to my proposals, indicating that, in light of their replies, I would decide on whether the continued support of the United Nations for the Committee was justified. A positive reply from Mr. Denktash has been received. The response of the Greek Cypriot side is awaited.

 

VI. GOOD OFFICES MISSION

48. Since my last report to the Security Council (S/1994/1407), my Special Representative, Mr. Joe Clark, as well as my Deputy Special Representative, Mr. Gustave Feissel, have continued contacts with the leaders of the two communities in Cyprus and with the Governments of Greece and Turkey with a view to finding a basis for a resumption of direct talks. Those efforts are ongoing. I will provide a full report to the Security Council at the earliest appropriate moment.

 

VII. OBSERVATIONS

49. During the past six months, UNFICYP has continued to carry out its functions in Cyprus effectively, with a reasonable degree of cooperation from both sides, and the situation has remained generally calm.

50. Once again, however, I must point out that this continuing quiet should not obscure the fact that there is merely a cease-fire in Cyprus, not peace. The Security Council has repeatedly declared that the status quo is not an acceptable option. It holds dangers that do not diminish with the passage of time. In the absence of progress towards an agreed overall settlement, the situation remains subject to sudden tensions, generated by events outside the island as well as within Cyprus. Relations between Greece and Turkey continue to be particularly important in this connection.

51. I must also stress again that the excessive levels of armaments and forces in Cyprus and the rate at which they are being strengthened are a cause for serious concern. The Security Council’s call to all concerned to commit themselves to a significant reduction in the number of foreign troops and in defence spending in the Republic of Cyprus has not been heeded. Nor has it been possible so far to make progress even on modest measures, repeatedly called for by the Council, aimed at reducing confrontation between the two sides along the cease-fire lines.

52. In the prevailing circumstances, I believe that UNFICYP’s presence on the island remains indispensable to achieving the objectives set by the Security Council. Therefore, I recommend that the Council extend the mandate of the Force for a further six-month period until 31 December 1995. In accordance with established practice, I am consulting the parties concerned on the matter and shall report to the Council as soon as those consultations have been completed.

53. I take this opportunity to express my appreciation to the Governments contributing troops and civilian police to UNFICYP for the steadfast support they have given to this peace-keeping operation of the United Nations. I also wish to thank the Governments that have made voluntary contributions towards the financing of the Force.

54. In conclusion, I wish to pay tribute to my Special Representative, Mr. Joe Clark, to my Deputy Special Representative, Mr. Gustave Feissel, to the Force Commander, Brigadier-General Ahti Vartiainen, and to the military and civilian personnel of UNFICYP. They have discharged with efficiency and dedication the important responsibilities entrusted to them by the Security Council.

 

Notes

1/ See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-fifth Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1980, document S/14275, para. 7.

2/ See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-eighth Year, Supplement for April, May and June 1983, document S/15812, para. 14.

3/ See Official Records of the Security Council, Fortieth Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1985, document S/17657, para. 19.

4/ See Official Records of the Security Council, Forty-second Year, Supplement for April, May and June 1987, document S/18880.

 

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